Soap has a long and fascinating history that dates back thousands of years. The earliest known evidence of soap-like substances comes from ancient Babylon around 2800 BC, where records show a mixture of water, alkali, and cassia oil used for cleaning. Ancient Egyptians also used a similar blend of animal fats and alkaline salts for both medicinal and cosmetic purposes. But it was the Romans who coined the term “sapo,” possibly inspired by Mount Sapo, where rainwater mixed with wood ash and animal fats was said to create a cleansing substance that flowed into the riverbanks below.
Traditionally, soap was made by boiling fats (like tallow or plant oils) with an alkaline substance derived from wood ash—what we now call lye. This process sparked a chemical reaction known as saponification, where the fat and lye combine to form soap and glycerin. Without modern measurements, early soap makers relied on feel, smell, and experience to know when the mixture was ready. It was both art and alchemy—skills passed down through generations and refined over time.
As a modern soap maker, I still rely on the ancient principles of saponification, but with more precise tools and a broader palette of nourishing oils and botanicals. At its heart, soapmaking is still a beautiful blend of science and creativity. Understanding its roots not only connects us to history but deepens our appreciation for the humble bar of soap—something that’s evolved from a primitive cleanser to a true act of self-care.